The Border Graves Investigation
The Border Graves Investigation Team was selected for the 2024 Shortlist with The Border Graves Investigation.
A cross-border team confirmed 1,015 unmarked graves of migrants in 65 cemeteries buried over the last 10 years across Spain, Italy, Greece, Malta, Poland, Lithuania, France, and Croatia. The main Border Graves Investigation team of eight journalists visited over half of them.
Unidentified migrants rest in cemeteries in olive groves, on hilltops, in dense forests, and along remote highways. Each unmarked grave represents a person who lost their life en route to Europe, and a fate that will remain forever unknown to their loved ones.
Over one thousand people are confirmed to have been failed by Europe’s migration policies. In 2021, the European Parliament passed a resolution recognizing the need for a “coordinated European approach” for “prompt and effective identification processes” for bodies found on EU borders. Yet last year, the Council of Europe called this area a “legislative void.”
These failures mean that the responsibility of memorializing unidentified victims often ends up falling to individual municipalities, cemetery keepers and even good-willed residents, with many victims being buried without any attempt at identification.
In the absence of official data from European and national governments, the Border Graves Investigation team collaborated with The Guardian and Süddeutsche Zeitung to count 2,162 unidentified deaths of migrants across eight countries in Europe from 2014-2023.
The cross-border team conducted over 60 interviews in six languages. They spoke with families of the missing and deceased, whose loved ones left for Europe from Syria, Afghanistan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iraqi Kurdistan, Algeria, and Sri Lanka. They spoke about the institutional and bureaucratic hurdles of searching for, and if found, burying a body. One mother compared the unresolved grief to an “open wound,” and an uncle said it was like “dying every day.”
In order to understand the complex legal, medical, and political landscape of death in each country, the team spoke with coroners, grave keepers, forensic doctors, international and local humanitarian groups, government officials, a European MEP, and the Council of Europe Human Rights Commissioner.
Their in-depth investigation reveals that the European Union is violating migrants’ last rights.
Main Team:
- Tina Xu, Coordinator – Multimedia journalist
Tina Xu is a multimedia journalist and filmmaker working at the intersection of migration, mental health, arts, and civil society. Her work has been awarded by the Society of Publishers in Asia and the European Press Prize, and shortlisted by One World Media. She founded and coordinated the Border Graves Investigation.
X: @tinayingxu
IG: @tinayingxu - Gabriele Cruciata – Journalist in Italy
Gabriele Cruciata is a Rome-based award-winning journalist and writer specializing in podcasts and investigative and narrative journalism. He also works as a fixer, producer, journalism consultant, and trainer.
IG: @gab_cruciata - Eoghan Gilmartin – Journalist in Spain
Eoghan Gilmartin is an Irish, Madrid-based journalist whose work has appeared in Jacobin Magazine, The Guardian, Open Democracy, El Diario, amongst other outlets. Alongside covering Spanish politics, his writing has focused on migration, Western Sahara, historical memory and lawfare. - Danai Maragoudaki – Journalist in Greece
Danai Maragoudaki is a Greek journalist based in Athens. She works for independent media outlet Solomon and her reporting focuses on transparency, finance, and digital threats.
FB: https://www.facebook.com/danai.maragoudaki/
X: @d_maragoudaki
IG: @danai_maragoudaki
Linkedin: Danai Maragoudaki - Barbara Matejčić – Journalist in Croatia and Bosnia
Barbara Matejčić is a Croatian award-winning freelance journalist, non-fiction writer and audio producer focused on social affairs and human rights. Barbara was selected for the 2021 European Press Prize shortlist with ‘Sisters of Europe’.
Website: http://barbaramatejcic.com/
FB: https://www.facebook.com/barbara.matejcic.1
Instagram: @barbaramatejcic - Leah Pattem – Journalist in Spain
Leah Pattem is an independent multimedia journalist and documentary film-maker covering breaking news and underreported community stories in Spain. In 2016, Leah founded Madrid No Frills, a hyper-local media project for the stories and images that define Madrid today.
LinkedIn: Leah PattemX: @leahpattem - Gabriela Ramirez – Journalist in Poland and Lithuania
Gabriela Ramirez is an award-winning multimedia journalist based in Berlin. She collaborates across borders to craft compelling narratives. Her work focuses mainly on migration, human rights, inequality and climate change, always through a gender-focused lens.
X: @higabyramirez - Daphne Tolis – Producer/Filmmaker/Journalist in Greece
Daphne Tolis is an award-winning documentary producer, filmmaker and multimedia journalist based in Athens. She has produced, directed and hosted documentaries for VICE, EBU, MSF, IFRC. Since 2014 she has been working as a freelance producer, journalist and reporter in Greece for the BBC, ABC News, PBS Newshour, NPR, Channel 4, ARTE, The New York Times Magazine, The Times.
X: @daphnetoli
Instagram: @daphne_tolis
Linkedin: Daphne Tolis
Collaborating team:
- Pamela Duncan (The Guardian)
- Manisha Ganguly (The Guardian)
- Ben Heubl (Süddeutsche Zeitung)
- Ashifa Kassam (The Guardian)
- Felicity Lawrence (The Guardian)
- Kristiana Ludwig (Süddeutsche Zeitung)
- Rachel Oldroyd (The Guardian)
- Lorenzo Tondo (The Guardian)
Additional Credits:
- Antoine Bouraly – Illustration (Unbias the News)
- Harry Fischer, Alessia Amitrano, Pip Burkett, Seán Clarke and Andrew Halley – Design and Production (The Guardian)
- Galatea Iatraki – Illustration (Solomon)
- Tina Lee – Editor (Unbias the News)
- Stavros Malichudis – Diligence (Solomon)
- Alessio Mamo – Photography (Guardian and El Diario)
- Hafez Al-Moussa – Translation
- Leah Pattem – Reporting, Photography, Fact-checking – Spain
- Aristea Protonotariou, Research (Solomon)
- Daphne Tolis – Reporting, Photography, Fact-checking – Greece
- Julia Vernersson – Coordination (Unbias the News)
This investigation was supported by Investigative Journalism for Europe and Journalismfund Europe. Additional support by Limelight Foundation.
Publications:
English
Unbias the News:
- 1000 lives, 0 names: the Border Graves Investigation
- Missing data, missing souls in Italy
- Widowed by Europe’s borders (Lithuania)
- Unmarked monuments of EU’s shame in Croatia and Bosnia
- Counting the invisible victims of Spain’s Eu borders
- The unidentified: Unmarked refugee graves on the Greek borders
- “There was enough time to save everyone”: Border Graves Investigation -Youtube
- “I have a lot of questions for the sea” : Border Graves Investigation – Youtube
- “Go in this place, you will find your cousin”: Border Graves Investigation – Youtube
- 1000 lives, 0 names | The Border Graves Investigation – Youtube
- 1000 lives, 0 names | The Border Graves Investigation – Instagram Reel
CBC:
- Podcast interview with team member Daphne Tolis: https://www.cbc.ca/listen/live-radio/1-2-as-it-happens (Dec 12th, 39.25 to 46.40)
Guardian:
- Article: More than 1000 unmarked graves discovered along EU migration routes
- Podcast: The stories behind Europe’s unmarked migrant graves
- Instagram: This is 24-year-old Oussama Tayeb
- (In print 09/12/23) Monsieur X: More than 1000 unmarked graves discovered along EU migration routeS
- Editorial: The Guardian view on the human rights of migrants: they must be non-negotiable
Balkan Insight:
Madrid No Frills:
Lithuanian Radio Television (LRT):
Lithuanian
- Lithuanian Radio Television (LRT) : „Vandens nėra, manau, kad mirsiu, myliu tave“: aiškėja Lietuvos morge mėnesius gulėjusio neatpažinto migranto istorija
Spanish
Italian
- L’Espresso (in print): La fossa comune dei migranti morti in mare
- L’Espresso (in print): “Facevo le autopsie per ridargli dignità”
- L’Espresso (in print): Le mappe interattive su L’Espresso.it
- Radio 3 Mondo (Interview): Border Graves Investigation
German
- Süddeutsche Zeitung: Wo ist Mohammed Sabah?
- Süddeutsche Zeitung (in print): Wo ist Mohammed Sabah?
Greek
- Solomon: «Αγνώστων στοιχείων»: Πάνω από 1.000 αταυτοποίητοι τάφοι στα ευρωπαϊκά σύνορα
- Efsyn newspaper: «Αγνώστων στοιχείων» πάνω από 1.000 τάφοι προσφύγων στην Ευρώπη
- News247: Έρευνα: Χιλιάδες πρόσφυγες θαμμένοι “στα αζήτητα” – Τα στοιχεία για την Ελλάδα
- Κathimerini: Ομαδικοί τάφοι μεταναστών στην Ευρώπη
- Avgi: Συγκλονιστική έρευνα – Πάνω από 500 αταυτοποίητοι τάφοι στην Ελλάδα
- Documento: Ανώνυμοι τάφοι και κοντέινερ νεκροτομεία σε Ελλάδα και Ευρώπη για χιλιάδες πρόσφυγες
- Lesvosnews: Σοκαριστικό – 167 αταυτοποίητοι τάφοι στην Λέσβο
Croatian
- Telegram: U Hrvatskoj pronađeno 45 neimenovanih grobova migranata, među njima je bila i 5-godišnja curica: ‘Policija ih često tjera u rijeku
- Deutsche Welle: https://amp.dw.com/hr/nevidljivi-grobovi-uzdu%C5%BE-eu-granice/a-67795799#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=17143988939707&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com
- Al Jazeera: https://balkans.aljazeera.net/amp/teme/2023/12/30/balkanska-ruta-smrti-i-ako-na-grobu-stoji-samo-nn-to-sazima-migrantsku-tragediju#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=17143990776261&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com
- https://balkans.aljazeera.net/teme/2023/12/31/balkanska-ruta-smrti-ii-pred-migrantima-su-dva-izbora-poginuti-ili-ostvariti?_gl=1*m4qrje*_ga*Q0x4LWxpTzNkY3Bacy11Vmc3X01BaU8tb0pQdmFjYm9rMnRuWW1VN3R4Z0hkTG03ZWpSMXhhY0NQdWIwOVQwMQ
- Jutarnji list: https://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/svijet/u-europi-otkrili-tisuce-neobiljezenih-grobova-ima-ih-i-u-hrvatskoj-znamo-tko-su-bili-ti-ljudi-15402925
- Tportal: https://www.tportal.hr/vijesti/clanak/zastrasujuce-najmanje-1015-migranata-pokopano-u-neoznacenim-grobovima-na-karti-i-hrvatska-foto-20231208
- Index: https://www.index.hr/amp/vijesti/clanak/u-hrvatskoj-otkriveno-59-neobiljezenih-grobova-migranata/2522453.aspx
- Novi list: https://www.novilist.hr/novosti/na-granicama-eu-a-sve-je-vise-grobova-ljudi-bez-lica-i-imena-medu-stradalima-u-rh-je-i-jedna-beba-i-petogodisnja-djevojcica/